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Even though environmental innovations are generally considered a key element towards a green growth strategy, especially for the case of energy efficiency innovations, the impact on climate goals has been subject to a long-running debate. On the one hand, energy efficiency innovations provide a huge cost-effective CO2 reduction potential. On the other hand, increasing energy efficiency implies cost reductions which in turn may lead to increased consumption due to the so-called rebound effect. Our study investigates the long-term environmental impact of energy efficiency innovations on the EU-27 residential electricity demand (excluding heating systems) using a detailed bottom-up modelling approach. Assuming a rebound effect of 10 %, we show that the diffusion of energy efficiency technologies with current policy levels provides savings of around 140 TWh and additional 270 TWh may be saved through additional policy measures accelerating the diffusion and development of new technologies until 2030. By contrast, assuming a (rather pessimistic) rebound effect of 40 %, the savings are reduced to around 95 and 180 TWh until 2030, respectively. We conclude that there is a clear case for ambitious policies to support energy efficiency innovations for the residential sector, which ideally should be complemented by measures to limit the rebound effect.
case of EU residential electricity use 28.09.2015 Energie & Klimaschutz Bücher

Die Diskussion um die Nutzung von Wäldern im Spannungsfeld von Holzproduktion, ihrem Beitrag zum Klimaschutz und der Verpflichtung zum Schutz der Biodiversität von Waldökosystemen wird mit Schärfe geführt. Es werden dabei auch Klimaschutzargumente bemüht, um Anliegen des Biodiversitätsschutzes zu diskreditieren. Manche der angeführten Argumente basieren auf einer fragwürdigen Datenbasis und -interpretation. In der Gemengelage geht es nicht nur um den Umgang mit Forderungen zu mehr Flächenstilllegungen von Wirtschaftswäldern und den Schutz von Naturwäldern in Deutschland, es droht auch der Verlust der letzten großflächigen europäischen temperaten Urwälder, die alle im Karpatenbogen liegen. Ursächliche Faktoren sind die intensive und zunehmende Holznutzung, ein unzureichender politischer Wille und ein zu geringes nationales und europäisches Engagement für den Schutz dieses Weltnaturerbes. Urwälder und Naturwälder sind in den EU-Mitgliedsstaaten auf weniger als 3 % der Gesamtwaldfläche erhalten geblieben; hunderttausende Hektar europäischer Urwälder gingen allein in den vergangenen zehn Jahren verloren. In diesem zweiteiligen Aufsatz diskutieren wir Argumente zu den Themenkomplexen (1) Biodiversität und Forstwirtschaft, (2) CO2-Speicher- und -Senkenleistung genutzter und ungenutzter Wälder und (3) Klimaschutzwirkung der energetischen Holznutzung vor dem Hintergrund aktueller klimapolitischer Entscheidungen der EU und der Bundesregierung. Der vorliegende erste Teil befasst sich mit dem Vorkommen von Ur- und Naturwäldern in Europa und widerlegt die These, diese könnten keinen wichtigen Beitrag zum Biodiversitätsschutz leisten. Außerdem wird der Beitrag von Urwäldern, Naturwäldern und Wirtschaftswäldern mit dem Klimaschutz vergleichend bewertet. Teil 2: Das Narrativ von der Klimaneutralität der Ressource Holz finden Sie hier >> Click here for the English version >>
Klimaschutz – Teil 1: 31.12.2021 Publikationen Energie & Klimaschutz Bücher

Analyse der dritten Bundeswaldinventur
So hat der Anteil an naturnahen Baumarten – besonders von Buche und Eiche – genauso

Hoping to support sustainability, countries have established policies to foster the bioeconomy (BE), based on the use of biomass and knowledge on biological principles. However, appropriate monitoring is still lacking. We estimate global key environmental footprints (FPs) of the German BE in a historic analysis from 2000–2015 and in projection until 2030. Overall, the agricultural biomass FP is dominated by animal-based food consumption, which is slightly decreasing. The forestry biomass FP of consumption could potentially shift from net import to total supply from domestic territory. Agricultural land use for consumption is triple that of domestic agricultural land (which covers half of Germany) and induced substantial land use change in other regions from 2000–2015. The FP of irrigation water withdrawals has decreased over 2000–2015 and might continue to decline in absolute terms by 2030, but the share of supply regions with water stress might increase. The climate FP of BE contributes 18–20% to the total climate FP of domestic consumption, while employment makes up 10% and value added only 8% of the total German economy. These findings imply that sufficient monitoring of the BE needs to consider both production and consumption perspectives, as well as global FPs of national economies.
German bioeconomy 01.06.2021 Publikationen Energie & Klimaschutz Bücher

Meeting energy and climate targets requires phasing out the use of fossil fuels in the heating sector, demanding an extensive overhaul of infrastructure. The expansion of district heating and electricity distribution grids will be essential for this transition, while parts of the gas distribution network will become redundant. Regional and municipal heating plans, mandated by the EED and the decarbonised gas and hydrogen market package, require planning that should involve identifying areas where gas distribution networks will be decommissioned or dismantled in the future. The process will be accelerated by phasing out or introducing efficiency regulations for heating installations. How should the efficient and orderly transformation of the gas network be accomplished? To this end, we compare the status-quo as well as recent the developments of gas grid infrastructures across four European countries, namely Austria, Germany, the Netherlands, and the UK. Additionally, we analyse the current regulations for ga
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The transport sector is not on track to meet the Paris Agreement climate targets. Rapid decarbonization of transport requires fuel switching and energy savings through modal shift and demand reduction – which are the aims of transport-sufficiency policy. We analyze passenger transport-policy instruments collected in the European Sufficiency Policy Database. Applying the concept of impact chains, we examine the ways in which proposed policy instruments function from cause/policy stimulus to effect/impact, with a focus on the factors relevant to the feasibility of policy implementation in Germany. This allows us to compare implementation feasibility by policy target and by instrument type. Based on our analysis of supporting factors, barriers, and risks, we find that policy instruments with many supporting factors also tend to have many barriers and risks. This is often the case with broad instruments that have diverse relevant factors. We observe that the policy targets “promotion of active modes” and “reducti
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Hoping to support sustainability, countries have established policies to foster the bioeconomy (BE), based on the use of biomass and knowledge on biological principles. However, appropriate monitoring is still lacking. We estimate global key environmental footprints (FPs) of the German BE in a historic analysis from 2000–2015 and in projection until 2030. Overall, the agricultural biomass FP is dominated by animal-based food consumption, which is slightly decreasing. The forestry biomass FP of consumption could potentially shift from net import to total supply from domestic territory. Agricultural land use for consumption is triple that of domestic agricultural land (which covers half of Germany) and induced substantial land use change in other regions from 2000–2015. The FP of irrigation water withdrawals has decreased over 2000–2015 and might continue to decline in absolute terms by 2030, but the share of supply regions with water stress might increase. The climate FP of BE contributes 18–20% to the total climate FP of domestic consumption, while employment makes up 10% and value added only 8% of the total German economy. These findings imply that sufficient monitoring of the BE needs to consider both production and consumption perspectives, as well as global FPs of national economies.
German bioeconomy 01.06.2021 Publikationen Energie & Klimaschutz Bücher

Fachartikel erschienen in vier Teilen in „sicher ist sicher – Arbeitsschutz aktuell“, Ausgaben September bis Dezember 2014. 1957 wird erstmals ein Reaktor in Deutschland kritisch, seit 1961 wird Strom aus Kernenergie erzeugt. Seitdem ist auf die Frage der Entsorgung der radioaktiven Abfälle eine Antwort zu suchen. Mehrere Anläufe ein Endlager insbesondere für die hochradioaktiven Abfälle zu finden, blieben erfolglos. Die Gründe sind vielschichtig, einer ist sicherlich die fehlende Akzeptanz in der Bevölkerung wie das Beispiel Gorleben zeigt. Mit dem 2013 verabschiedeten Standortauswahlgesetz wurde ein neuer Versuch gestartet. Erstmals wurde im breiten parteipolitischen Konsens ein Verfahren in einem Gesetz verankert, das ausgehend von einer „weißen Landkarte“ stufenweise zu einem Endlagerstandort führen soll. Der Artikel, der in vier Teilen erschienen ist, soll in das Thema einführen. Aufgrund der komplexen Thematik können viele Themen allerdings nur angerissen werden. Eine Auseinandersetzung damit ist aber wichtig, da die Endlagerung eine breite Öffentlichkeit über lange Zeit betreffen wird. Die einzelnen Teile des Fachartikels können unter www.sisdigital.de kostenpflichtig heruntergeladen werden: Ausgabe 09/2014: Teil 1 – Radioaktive Abfälle – Entstehung, Arten und Mengen und Diskutierte Alternativen zur Endlagerung. Ausgabe 10/2014: Teil 2 – Endlagerung – Konzept, Risiken und Langzeitsicherheit. Ausgabe 11/2014: Teil 3 – Die Suche nach einem Endlagerstandort, Historie. Ausgabe 12/2014: Teil 4 – Das Standortauswahlgesetz 2013 und Ausblick.
Entsorgung von Atommüll 01.09.2014 Nukleartechnik & Anlagensicherheit Bücher

The ongoing needs to develop power systems towards more environmentally friendly technologies with respect to climate change in conjunction with the continuous evolution of the respective market conditions is leading to a transition away from the traditional system operation. The upcoming challenges have motivated the development of an increasing number of models for transmission grids. Nevertheless, the high complexity of such models renders it exceedingly difficult to compare their results as well as any corresponding conclusions. In this paper, we develop an open framework to compare a variety of pan-European transmission grid models with a strong focus on the German power system. The comparison is performed in both a qualitative and quantitative manner, depending on the investigated modeling aspect including input data, methods, system boundaries and results. The quantitative model comparison is done by performing harmonized model experiments, one for 2016 as back testing and one for 2030 for analyzing the future system. Core elements of our comparison framework are: We proved that our comparison framework is suitable to make similarities and differences between the different model results visible, e.g. using quadratic heat maps. To ensure transparency and to support the open modeling community, the fact sheets with the model specifications and the database with selected model results are uploaded on the open energy platform.
Publikationen Energiewende und Klimapolitik Energie & Klimaschutz Bücher

In view of the current geopolitical situation, the EU and its Member States are accelerating efforts to reduce their dependency on fossil fuel imports, while simultaneously tackling the climate crisis. With heating in buildings accounting for a large share of the energy consumption in the EU, policies to phase-out fossil fuels for heating and to switch to renewables are key elements. In the context of the proposed actions to phase-out fossil fuels at EU level, this article provides a systematic analysis of current and planned phase-out regulations for fossil fuel boilers in the EU Member States. The paper quantifies the share of energy consumption for heating that is addressed by such regulations and finds that the current regulations only address about 10% of the total fossil energy consumption for heating in the EU. The share increases to almost 30% when considering the planned regulations, reflecting the fact that large energy consumers such as Germany and the Netherlands have announced such regulations. The analysis shows that several Member States with high energy consumption for heating have neither implemented nor announced plans to introduce phase-out regulations for fossil fuel heating. The study concludes that immediate policy action is needed both at EU and at Member State levels. At EU level, the proposed introduction of an end-date for stand-alone fossil fuel boilers needs to be substantiated and implemented into the legislative framework. At the national level, phase-out regulations for fossil fuel boilers need to be expanded both in quantity and scope.
heating in the EU 04.09.2023 Publikationen Energie & Klimaschutz Bücher