Dein Suchergebnis zum Thema: buch

Der Seeverkehr verursacht etwa 3,3 Prozent der globalen Treibhausgasemissionen. Da langfristig mit einem deutlichen Wachstum des globalen Seefrachttransports zu rechnen ist, ist auch ein Anstieg der Treibhausgasemissionen in diesem Sektor wahrscheinlich. Trotz langjähriger multilateraler Verhandlungen unterliegt der internationale Seeverkehr bislang keinen verbindlichen Begrenzungen, sodass die Wahrscheinlichkeit hoch ist, dass die EU ebenso wie bereits beim internationalen Luftverkehr unilaterale Schritte unternehmen wird. Hier ist eine Einbindung der Seeschifffahrt in das Europäische Emissionshandelssystem in der Diskussion. Dies wirft Fragen nach dem Grad der Integration und der Reichweite des Regimes, einer geeigneten Bemessungsgrundlage, einer angemessenen Emissionsobergrenze sowie dem Allokationsverfahren auf. Grundsätzlich könnten mittels einer Integration in den Europäischen Emissionshandel über 30 Prozent der seeverkehrsbedingten CO2-Emissionen abgedeckt werden. Ein schlecht ausgestaltetes System birgt jedoch die Gefahr, dass Emissionsziele beständig verfehlt werden und dass die europäische Seeschifffahrt Wettbewerbsnachteile erleidet. Vor einem Inkrafttreten besteht somit weiterer Forschungs- und Diskussionsbedarf.
Internationaler Seeverkehr und Klimaschutz 10.06.2010 Ressourcen & Mobilität Bücher

Energy efficiency and decarbonization are important elements of climate change mitigation. We draw on European mitigation scenarios from the EMF28 modeling exercise to decompose economy-wide and sectoral emissions into their main components. We utilize the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) to gain insights into five effects: affluence, energy intensity, carbon intensity, conversion efficiency, and structural change. Economy-wide analysis suggests that energy efficiency improvements (including end-use efficiency of production and structural change of the economy) determine emission reductions short to medium term while decarbonization becomes more important in the long term. Sectoral analysis suggests that electricity generation holds the largest potential for decarbonization. Mitigation in the transport and energy-intensive sectors is limited by technology availability, forcing output and energy inputs to decline to meet the given mitigation pathways. We conclude that energy efficiency improvements could bridge the time until carbon-free technologies mature, while their quick development remains essential. Published in Climate Change Economics, Volume 04, Issue supp01, November 2013 by World Scientific Publishing Co.
A Sectoral Multi-Model Decomposition 04.12.2013 Energie & Klimaschutz Bücher

This paper examines how changes in an international climate regime would affect the European decarbonization strategy and costs through the mechanisms of trade, technology, and innovation. We present the results from the Energy Modeling Forum (EMF) model comparison study on European climate policy to 2050. Moving from a no-policy scenario to an existing-policies case reduces all energy imports, on average. Introducing a more stringent climate policy target for the EU only leads to slightly greater global emission reductions. Consumers and producers in Europe bear most of the additional burden and inevitably face some economic losses. More ambitious mitigation action outside Europe, especially when paired with a well-operating global carbon market, could reduce the burden for Europe significantly. Because of global learning, the costs of wind and especially solar-PV in Europe would decline below the levels observed in the existing-policy case and increased R&D spending outside the EU would leverage EU R&D investments as well. Published in Climate Change Economics, Volume 04, Issue supp01, November 2013 by World Scientific Publishing Co.
Implications on Trade, Technology, and Energy 04.11.2013 Energie & Klimaschutz Bücher

Die Initiative der Europäischen Kommission, durch das Grünbuch die Diskussionen um einen Handel mit Emissionsrechten in Europa voranzutreiben, wird grundsätzlich begrüßt. Der Emissionshandel kann als marktkonformes, innovationsförderndes und kosteneffizientes klimapolitisches Instrumentarium eingesetzt werden, das anderen Ansätzen aufgrund seiner Zielgenauigkeit überlegen ist. Allerdings können sich je nach seiner Ausgestaltung auch Risiken und Probleme ergeben. Unterstützt werden folgende Rahmenbedingungen: verbindliches System mit absoluten Emissionsobergrenzen für Unternehmen ausgewählter Sektoren, Einführung bis 2005, eine gemeinsame Regelung auf europäischer Ebene zu der Einbeziehung von Sektoren, der Ermittlung der Emissionsobergrenzen für die ausgewählten Sektoren, zum Verfahren und den Regeln der Erstzuteilung der Emissionsrechte, zur Beobachtung (Monitoring) und der Verifikation sowie zu Mindestkriterien für Sanktionen für die Handelsteilnehmer in der Form, wie es in den Antworten auf die Fragen der Kommission zum Ausdruck gebracht wird, zusätzliche Kosten-Nutzen-Analyse des vorgesehenen Emissionshandels im Vergleich zu anderen umweltpolitischen Instrumenten und eine sorgfältige Abstimmung mit diesen.
Treibhausgasemissionen in der Europäischen Union 01.01.2000 Bereichsübergreifend Bücher

In order to achieve a high renewable share in the electricity system, a significant expansion of cross-border exchange capacities is planned. Historically, the actual expansion of interconnector capacities has significantly lagged behind the planned expansion. This study examines the impact that such continued delays would have when compared to a strong interconnector expansion in an ambitious energy transition scenario. For this purpose, scenarios for the years 2030, 2040, and 2050 are examined using the electricity market model PowerFlex EU. The analysis reveals that both CO2 emissions and variable costs of electricity generation increase if interconnector expansion is delayed. This effect is most significant in the scenario year 2050, where lower connectivity leads roughly to a doubling of both CO2 emissions and variable costs of electricity generation. This increase results from a lower level of European electricity trading, a curtailment of electricity from a renewable energy source (RES-E), and a corresponding higher level of conventional electricity generation. Most notably, in Southern and Central Europe, less interconnection leads to higher use of natural gas power plants since less renewable electricity from Northern Europe can be integrated into the European grid.
High RES-E European Electricity System 12.08.2019 Energie & Klimaschutz Bücher

In: Sebastian Oberthür und Kirstin Rosendal (eds), Global Governance of Genetic Resources: Access and Benefit Sharing after the Nagoya Protocol, Abingdon: Routledge, S. 33-59. The article analyzes the history of the negotiations on access and benefit sharing from genetic resources and traditional knowledge under the Convention on Biological Diversity, which culminated in the adoption of the Nagoya Protocol in 2010. In the beginning the authors contextualize ABS as an emerging issue in different areas of international politics. They then analyze the interests and preferences of key (coalitions of) state actors and how they shaped the dynamics of ABS-negotiations under the CBD. These coalitions include the Like Minded Megadiverse Countries, the Like Minded Asia-Pacific Group, the Group of Latin American and Caribbean Countries, the African Group, the European Union, and non-EU developed countries. The authors map the positions of these coalitions on key issues of the negotiations like legal nature, scope, traditional knowledge, international access standards, compliance with user measures, and the Protocol’s relationship with other international agreements. With the main focus on the last phase of ABS negotiations in Nagoya in October 2010, they elaborate the dynamics of the end-game, the substance of the final outcome and the prospects for the Protocol’s future success.
Protocol: Issues, Coalitions and Process 18.07.2014 Umweltrecht & Governance Bücher

Under the Paris Agreement, Parties must track the implementation and achievement of their nationally determined contributions (NDCs). In many cases, NDC targets are expressed as greenhouse gas emissions, and it is essential for countries that the effects of mitigation measures are visible in their inventories. Inventory visibility is understood as the degree to which a change in GHG emissions or removals resulting from mitigation actions is reflected in GHG inventories. Inventory visibility is found to be generally high for measures that reduce CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion, while in parts of the industrial processes sector and in the forestry sector there is a higher risk that emission reductions are not visible. An analysis of the portfolio of Clean Development Mechanism projects shows that for most projects this risk is low. However, as future carbon market mechanisms under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement may need to tap more into project types with medium to higher risk of non-visibility, national GHG inventory systems may need to be strengthened to assure visibility of mitigation projects.
greenhouse gas inventories 18.05.2022 Publikationen Energie & Klimaschutz Bücher

In order to limit global warming to 2 °C, industrialised countries like Germany are obliged to de-carbonise their energy systems extensively by the middle of the century. The building sector – particularly the building stock – plays a pivotal role in the long-term climate protection strategies for Germany. Key control variables in this context are building standards, heat supply technologies and the sector allocation of limited renewable energy potentials. Based on existing normative long-term scenarios for the heating sector and using the residential building sector as a case study, this article assesses the current German policy framework for the building sector against the modelled long-term development needs. Published in:Energy Policy, Volume 59, August 2013, Pages 71-81
long-term climate protection targets 01.08.2013 Energie & Klimaschutz Bücher

This article describes and evaluates a number of different financial support instruments for the energy refurbishment of the building stock based on the example of Germany. The key focus is on policy instruments which are not counter-financed by public budgets or where, by other means, investment and planning security for investors is assured. Through such instruments the typical disadvantages of public budget-financed support programs (e.g. insufficient support funds, frequent changes to support conditions) should be alleviated. Five different policy instruments are examined in terms of their legal viability and evaluated according to functionality criteria. The article closes with a recommended time frame for the implementation of an effective set of policy instruments. https://doi.org/10.1260/0958-305X.24.1-2.105
Publikationen Energiewende und Klimapolitik Energie & Klimaschutz Bücher

Even though environmental innovations are generally considered a key element towards a green growth strategy, especially for the case of energy efficiency innovations, the impact on climate goals has been subject to a long-running debate. On the one hand, energy efficiency innovations provide a huge cost-effective CO2 reduction potential. On the other hand, increasing energy efficiency implies cost reductions which in turn may lead to increased consumption due to the so-called rebound effect. Our study investigates the long-term environmental impact of energy efficiency innovations on the EU-27 residential electricity demand (excluding heating systems) using a detailed bottom-up modelling approach. Assuming a rebound effect of 10 %, we show that the diffusion of energy efficiency technologies with current policy levels provides savings of around 140 TWh and additional 270 TWh may be saved through additional policy measures accelerating the diffusion and development of new technologies until 2030. By contrast, assuming a (rather pessimistic) rebound effect of 40 %, the savings are reduced to around 95 and 180 TWh until 2030, respectively. We conclude that there is a clear case for ambitious policies to support energy efficiency innovations for the residential sector, which ideally should be complemented by measures to limit the rebound effect.
case of EU residential electricity use 28.09.2015 Energie & Klimaschutz Bücher