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Im Jahr 2021 fielen in Deutschland 5,44 Millionen Tonnen Post-Consumer Kunststoffabfälle an, von denen lediglich 33% recycelt wurden. Über die Hälfte dieser Abfälle wird derzeit verbrannt, was bedeutet, dass wertvolle Ressourcen ungenutzt bleiben. Die geringe Verwendung von Kunststoffrezyklaten in der Produktions- und Verarbeitungsindustrie deutet auf mangelnde (finanzielle) Anreize hin. Um das Kunststoffrecycling bzw. den Rezyklateinsatz zu fördern, werden verschiedene Maßnahmen vorgeschlagen. Dazu zählen produktspezifische Rezyklateinsatzquoten, polymerspezifische Substitutionsquoten und Zertifikatlösungen. Des Weiteren könnten Abgaben auf nicht hochgradig recyclingfähige Verpackungen sowie eine Verbrauchssteuer für Verpackungen den Einsatz unnötiger Verpackungen verteuern und den Einsatz von Rezyklaten fördern. Auch die Rolle des chemischen Recyclings wird in diesem Kontext näher erläutert und differenzierter in die Abfallhierarchie eingeordnet.
Publikationen Produkte & Stoffströme Ressourcen & Mobilität Bücher

The Paris Agreement establishes provisions for using international carbon market mechanisms to achieve climate mitigation contributions. Environmental integrity is a key principle for using such mechanisms under the Agreement. This paper systematically identifies and categorizes issues and options to achieve environmental integrity, including how it could be defined, what influences it, and what approaches could mitigate environmental integrity risks. Here, environmental integrity is assumed to be ensured if the engagement in international transfers of carbon market units leads to the same or lower aggregated global emissions. Four factors are identified that influence environmental integrity: the accounting for international transfers; the quality of units generated, i.e. whether the mechanism ensures that the issuance or transfer of units leads to emission reductions in the transferring country; the ambition and scope of the mitigation target of the transferring country; and incentives or disincentives for future mitigation action, such as possible disincentives for transferring countries to define future mitigation targets less ambitiously or more narrowly in order to sell more units. It is recommended that policy-makers combine several approaches to address the significant risks to environmental integrity.
mechanisms under the Paris Agreement 21.09.2018 Energie & Klimaschutz Bücher

Die dringende Transformation unseres Energiesystems hin zu einer nachhaltigen Infrastruktur der Daseinsvorsorge scheitert in der regionalen Umsetzung regelmäßig an raumbezogenen und gesellschaftlichen Anforderungen des ländlichen Raums. In diesem Beitrag werden amBeispiel eines transdisziplinären Projektes Dilemmata in der partizipativen Umsetzung der regionalen Energiewende identifiziert und Gelingensbedingungen einer raumsensiblen Energiewende-Governance formuliert. Wie mit dem entwickelten Governance-Ansatz zur „Co-Transformation“ gezeigt wird, können kontextsensitive Partizipationsformen der Co-Regulierung, Co-Allokation und Co-Visionierung zur Verfahrens-, Verteilungs- sowie Zukunftsgerechtigkeit und damit zur Akzeptabilität der regionalen Energiewende als Daseinsvorsorgeinfrastruktur im ländlichen Raum beitragen. Zentrale Maßnahmenfelder sind dabei ergebnisoffene und regional angepasste Formen der Mitwirkung durch die Co-Regulierung im Planungsprozess, Ansätze zur räumlichen Co-Allokation energiewendeb
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Research into sufficiency at business level often focuses on pioneers and a bottom-up approach to transformation. However, business activities are shaped and limited by political framework conditions. We analyze the interdependent relationships between business and policy making, arguing for greater emphasis on the structural perspective to foster sufficiency-oriented shifts in business.
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An increasing number of countries employ net-zero decarbonization targets in their climate policies, which requires decarbonizing socio-technical systems like the energy system by mid-century. While there is a high level of agreement about net-zero targets, there remains great uncertainty as to how to meet them. At the same time, the challenges of building a new system that fulfils systemic targets such as net-zero are insufficiently reflected on in the sustainability transitions literature. With the help of a literature review building on theories of socio-technical transitions, this paper introduces system building dimensions that account for the difficulties of net-zero transitions. We identify four such dimensions: (1) competing potential system configurations with different sustainability implications; (2) a broad range of complementary system elements needed; (3) lock-ins and path dependencies in the system building process; and (4) the politics of system building. We offer the German energy transition
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Analyse der dritten Bundeswaldinventur
So hat der Anteil an naturnahen Baumarten – besonders von Buche und Eiche – genauso

Fachartikel erschienen in vier Teilen in „sicher ist sicher – Arbeitsschutz aktuell“, Ausgaben September bis Dezember 2014. 1957 wird erstmals ein Reaktor in Deutschland kritisch, seit 1961 wird Strom aus Kernenergie erzeugt. Seitdem ist auf die Frage der Entsorgung der radioaktiven Abfälle eine Antwort zu suchen. Mehrere Anläufe ein Endlager insbesondere für die hochradioaktiven Abfälle zu finden, blieben erfolglos. Die Gründe sind vielschichtig, einer ist sicherlich die fehlende Akzeptanz in der Bevölkerung wie das Beispiel Gorleben zeigt. Mit dem 2013 verabschiedeten Standortauswahlgesetz wurde ein neuer Versuch gestartet. Erstmals wurde im breiten parteipolitischen Konsens ein Verfahren in einem Gesetz verankert, das ausgehend von einer „weißen Landkarte“ stufenweise zu einem Endlagerstandort führen soll. Der Artikel, der in vier Teilen erschienen ist, soll in das Thema einführen. Aufgrund der komplexen Thematik können viele Themen allerdings nur angerissen werden. Eine Auseinandersetzung damit ist aber wichtig, da die Endlagerung eine breite Öffentlichkeit über lange Zeit betreffen wird. Die einzelnen Teile des Fachartikels können unter www.sisdigital.de kostenpflichtig heruntergeladen werden: Ausgabe 09/2014: Teil 1 – Radioaktive Abfälle – Entstehung, Arten und Mengen und Diskutierte Alternativen zur Endlagerung. Ausgabe 10/2014: Teil 2 – Endlagerung – Konzept, Risiken und Langzeitsicherheit. Ausgabe 11/2014: Teil 3 – Die Suche nach einem Endlagerstandort, Historie. Ausgabe 12/2014: Teil 4 – Das Standortauswahlgesetz 2013 und Ausblick.
Entsorgung von Atommüll 01.09.2014 Nukleartechnik & Anlagensicherheit Bücher

The ongoing needs to develop power systems towards more environmentally friendly technologies with respect to climate change in conjunction with the continuous evolution of the respective market conditions is leading to a transition away from the traditional system operation. The upcoming challenges have motivated the development of an increasing number of models for transmission grids. Nevertheless, the high complexity of such models renders it exceedingly difficult to compare their results as well as any corresponding conclusions. In this paper, we develop an open framework to compare a variety of pan-European transmission grid models with a strong focus on the German power system. The comparison is performed in both a qualitative and quantitative manner, depending on the investigated modeling aspect including input data, methods, system boundaries and results. The quantitative model comparison is done by performing harmonized model experiments, one for 2016 as back testing and one for 2030 for analyzing the future system. Core elements of our comparison framework are: We proved that our comparison framework is suitable to make similarities and differences between the different model results visible, e.g. using quadratic heat maps. To ensure transparency and to support the open modeling community, the fact sheets with the model specifications and the database with selected model results are uploaded on the open energy platform.
Publikationen Energiewende und Klimapolitik Energie & Klimaschutz Bücher

In view of the current geopolitical situation, the EU and its Member States are accelerating efforts to reduce their dependency on fossil fuel imports, while simultaneously tackling the climate crisis. With heating in buildings accounting for a large share of the energy consumption in the EU, policies to phase-out fossil fuels for heating and to switch to renewables are key elements. In the context of the proposed actions to phase-out fossil fuels at EU level, this article provides a systematic analysis of current and planned phase-out regulations for fossil fuel boilers in the EU Member States. The paper quantifies the share of energy consumption for heating that is addressed by such regulations and finds that the current regulations only address about 10% of the total fossil energy consumption for heating in the EU. The share increases to almost 30% when considering the planned regulations, reflecting the fact that large energy consumers such as Germany and the Netherlands have announced such regulations. The analysis shows that several Member States with high energy consumption for heating have neither implemented nor announced plans to introduce phase-out regulations for fossil fuel heating. The study concludes that immediate policy action is needed both at EU and at Member State levels. At EU level, the proposed introduction of an end-date for stand-alone fossil fuel boilers needs to be substantiated and implemented into the legislative framework. At the national level, phase-out regulations for fossil fuel boilers need to be expanded both in quantity and scope.
heating in the EU 04.09.2023 Publikationen Energie & Klimaschutz Bücher

Fossil-based emissions can be avoided by using wood in place of non-renewable raw materials as energy and materials. However, wood harvest influences forest carbon stocks. Increased harvest may reduce the overall climate benefit of wood use significantly, but is widely overlooked. We reviewed selected simulation studies and compared differences in forest carbon and amount of wood harvested between harvest scenarios of different intensities for three different time perspectives: short- (1–30 years), mid- (31–70 years), and long-term (71–100 years). Out of more than 450 reviewed studies 45 provided adequate data. Our results show that increased harvest reduces carbon stocks over 100 years in temperate and boreal forests by about 1.6 (stdev 0.9) tC per tC harvested (referred to as carbon balance indicator (CBI)). CBI proved to be robust when outliers explicitly influenced by factors other than changes in the harvest rate, such as fertilization or increase in forest area, were removed. The carbon impacts tend to be greatest in the mid-term, but no significant difference in was found for average values between short and long time-horizons. CBI can be interpreted as carbon opportunity costs of wood harvest in forests. Our results indicate that even after 100 years, CBI is significant compared to the typical GHG credits expected in the technosphere by avoiding fossil emissions in substitution and increasing carbon stocks in harvested wood products. Our estimates provide typical values that can directly be included in GHG balances of products or assessments of mitigation policies and measures related to wood use. However, more systematic scenarios with transparent information on influencing factors for forest carbon stocks are required to provide better constrained estimates for specific forest types.
on forest carbon 11.06.2022 Publikationen Energie & Klimaschutz Bücher