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The Energy Modeling Forum 28 (EMF28) study systematically explores the energy system transition required to meet the European goal of reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 80% by 2050. The 80% scenario is compared to a reference case that aims to achieve a 40% GHG reduction target. The paper investigates mitigation strategies beyond 2020 and the interplay between different decarbonization options. The models present different technology pathways for the decarbonization of Europe, but a common finding across the scenarios and models is the prominent role of energy efficiency and renewable energy sources. In particular, wind power and bioenergy increase considerably beyond current deployment levels. Up to 2030, the transformation strategies are similar across all models and for both levels of emission reduction. However, mitigation becomes more challenging after 2040. With some exceptions, our analysis agrees with the main findings of the „Energy Roadmap 2050“ presented by the European Commission. Published in Climate Change Economics, Volume 04, Issue supp01, November 2013 by World Scientific Publishing Co.
Transforming the European Energy System 04.12.2013 Energie & Klimaschutz Bücher

At present, expanding the use of renewable energy sources for heating (RES-H) relies predominantly on publicly funded support instruments. As these are subject to subsidy cuts and suspensions, these instruments do not provide long-term security for investors and technology suppliers. Although feed-in tariffs and quota-based systems are the major support schemes for renewable energy sources in the electricity sector, similar policy designs have not been applied to RES-H. This paper presents and evaluates three different policy instruments which have the potential to finance RES-H without using public funds: A physical quota system for biomass, a technology-based quota system (Portfolio Model) and a remuneration-based system (Premium model). The assessment suggests that while the Portfolio Model and the Premium Model are both promising policies to enhance RES-H deployment, there is greater acceptance among stakeholders for the Premium Model. https://doi.org/10.1260/0958-305X.24.1-2.195
Publikationen Energiewende und Klimapolitik Energie & Klimaschutz Bücher

Carbon markets play an important role in firms’ and governments’ climate strategies. Carbon crediting mechanisms allow project developers to earn carbon credits through mitigation projects. Several studies have raised concerns about environmental integrity, though a systematic evaluation is missing. We synthesized studies relying on experimental or rigorous observational methods, covering 14 studies on 2346 carbon mitigation projects and 51 studies investigating similar field interventions implemented without issuing carbon credits. The analysis covers one-fifth of the credit volume issued to date, almost 1 billion tons of CO2e.Weestimate that less than 16% of the carbon credits issued to the investigated projects constitute real emission reductions, with 11% for cookstoves, 16% for SF6 destruction, 25% for avoided deforestation, 68% for HFC-23 abatement, and no statistically significant emission reductions from wind power and improved forest management projects. Carbon crediting mechanisms need to be reforme
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Article published in: „Sustainable Development and Resource Productivity – The Nexus Approaches“ Edited By Harry Lehmann, Copyright Year 2021, ISBN 9780367429546, Published November 18, 2020 by Routledge, 386 Pages 56 Color Illustrations.This book is included in the following series: Factor X: Studies in Sustainable Natural Resource Management The Open Access version of this book, available at https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/e/9781003000365, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Publikationen Energiewende und Klimapolitik Energie & Klimaschutz Bücher

One of the central debates surrounding the design of the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme is the approach to address carbon leakage concerns. Correctly identifying the economic activities exposed to the risk of carbon leakage represents the first step in mitigating the risk effectively. This paper assesses the robustness of the quantitative assessment criteria used by the European Commission for Phase 3. For example we apply the criteria to data for UK and Germany and compare the results with the Commissions’ assessment conducted at the aggregated EU level. This reveals that sectors’ exposure risk to carbon leakage can vary across different Member States due to differences in production processes, technologies and fuel mix; process emissions; recycling rate differences; product mix differences; sector classification, statistical boundaries, activity allocation differences; and finally difference in data quality. Overall, we find that relative carbon intensity of sectors, measured as cost increase relative to gross value added, provides a robust metric. The analysis also highlights the importance of using high quality and disaggregated data for this assessment. Published in: Environmental and Resource Economics“, January 2015, Volume 60, Issue 1, pp 99-124, DOI: 10.1007/s10640-014-9759-y  
Publikationen Energiewende und Klimapolitik Energie & Klimaschutz Bücher

Several streams of research have discussed important aspects of social inequalities and justice in the context of climate, energy, and environmental issues. However, there is often a narrow focus on specific aspects, bearing the risk that tensions and trade-offs for policy are easily overlooked, and sometimes involving a loose, implicit, inconsistent, or uncritical use of the term justice. I argue to clearly separate the empirical analysis of inequalities from their normative assessment, and to adequately consider the large variety of potentially relevant inequalities as well as the variety of justice principles. In support of such an approach, this article suggests categorizations of (1) basic dimensions of social inequality in the context of climate and environment; (2) different social impacts of climate and environmental policies; and (3) different justice principles. The overall aim is to have typologies and an organizing framework at hand that help to systematically identify a broad range of inequalities which can then be discussed against different justice principles. This shall allow a better detection of intersectionality and policy trade-offs as well as broader-based normative judgments in research and in policy assessments (evaluations).
07.11.2022 Umweltrecht Publikationen Umweltrecht & Governance Bücher

In principle, citizens in EU Member States can now choose from a broad range of renewable energy technologies to participate in the energy transition. Solar photovoltaic power has become the cheapest source of electricity generation in most regions of Europe. Households usually invest in renewable energy individually, unless they are part of an energy community. For middle- and highincome households, having the means and knowledge to benefit from solar panels on their own roof is achievable. But for vulnerable and low-income households, as well as for tenants and people living in multi-unit buildings, financial and technical barriers can make access to this cheap renewable electricity difficult. Against the backdrop of the recent energy price crisis, energy sharing could be a tool to help overcome inequalities in engagement in the energy transition and at the same time optimise the functioning of a flexible, cost-efficient renewable energy system. This brief focuses on the household perspective and compleme
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This paper addresses the urgent need for reforming gas infrastructure planning in Europe to align with climate targets. Currently, gas grid development is reactive, driven by distribution system operators (DSOs), rather than proactively adapting to declining demand for fossil gas which is required in order to meet climate goals. Drawing on case studies from seven European countries, this paper explores gas grid regulation in the context of net zero. We find that current regulatory frameworks across many countries show a disconnect between infrastructure planning and the necessity to phase out fossil gas. There are, however, first steps being taken now to deal with the challenge of falling gas demand. We draw on those examples and develop policy recommendations for managing the transition away from fossil gas in a more coordinated and fairer way.
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This paper compares two flagship policies in the area of energy efficient building refurbishment, the German CO2-Building Rehabilitation Programme and the Green Deal in the UK. Although both policies are essentially loan programmes to finance energy efficiency measures, the nature of the two policies is very different regarding scope, financial architecture, integration with other policies, and carbon reductions. The paper draws out the main differences of the programmes as well as similarities. https://doi.org/10.1260/0958-305X.24.1-2.83
Programme and the British Green Deal 01.02.2013 Energie & Klimaschutz Bücher

This paper investigates small-scale decentralised markets in the German electricity system. In our case decentralised markets are defined as regions in which regional electricity demand is met primarily by regional generators. The research question is twofold. Firstly, how does the size of decentralised markets have an impact on indicators like CO2 emissions, variable costs or transmission grid extension. Secondly, which effects on these indicators can be observed if only power plants of a certain size or technology are allowed to take part in the decentralised markets.
energy transition 24.05.2021 Publikationen Energie & Klimaschutz Bücher