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In its current form, the EU’s renewable energy directives encourage the use of primary woody biomass from forests as an energy source. However, the directive gives a completely wrong picture of the associated greenhouse gas emissions, write a group of academics. Klaus Josef Hennenberg and Hannes Böttcher are researchers at the Oeko-Institut in Berlin. Sampo Soimakallio is a researcher at the Finnish Environmental Institute, Helsinki. Edward Robinson is a consultant at Economy, Land and Climate Insight, London.
fuels for climate 13.12.2022 Publikationen Energie & Klimaschutz Bücher

Carbon markets play an important role in firms’ and governments’ climate strategies. Carbon crediting mechanisms allow project developers to earn carbon credits through mitigation projects. Several studies have raised concerns about environmental integrity, though a systematic evaluation is missing. We synthesized studies relying on experimental or rigorous observational methods, covering 14 studies on 2346 carbon mitigation projects and 51 studies investigating similar field interventions implemented without issuing carbon credits. The analysis covers one-fifth of the credit volume issued to date, almost 1 billion tons of CO2e.Weestimate that less than 16% of the carbon credits issued to the investigated projects constitute real emission reductions, with 11% for cookstoves, 16% for SF6 destruction, 25% for avoided deforestation, 68% for HFC-23 abatement, and no statistically significant emission reductions from wind power and improved forest management projects. Carbon crediting mechanisms need to be reforme
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Published in: Historical Social Research 49 (2024)1 A major challenge in building and securing a repository for high-level waste is the long-time spans needed for site selection, construction, storage, and closure. Depending on the type of site selection procedure and the chosen repository concept, this can take decades or even more than a century. Even today, this applies to many places in all countries that have or are oper-ating nuclear power plants. These include the sites for interim or final storage or reprocessing. Over time, other places will also be affected during the site selection procedure and afterwards during construction and disposal. The processes will cause landscape transformations to a greater or lesser extent, to allow for activities including transportation and excavation. Nuclear waste governance is an extremely challenging and contested issue, starting with site selection, because nobody wants nuclear waste close by. Technologies and societies can change considerably over time.
LinkedIn Publikationen Nukleartechnik & Anlagensicherheit Bücher

This paper addresses the urgent need for reforming gas infrastructure planning in Europe to align with climate targets. Currently, gas grid development is reactive, driven by distribution system operators (DSOs), rather than proactively adapting to declining demand for fossil gas which is required in order to meet climate goals. Drawing on case studies from seven European countries, this paper explores gas grid regulation in the context of net zero. We find that current regulatory frameworks across many countries show a disconnect between infrastructure planning and the necessity to phase out fossil gas. There are, however, first steps being taken now to deal with the challenge of falling gas demand. We draw on those examples and develop policy recommendations for managing the transition away from fossil gas in a more coordinated and fairer way.
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Die Fernwärme gewinnt bei der Dekarbonisierung der Wärmeversorgung von Gebäuden in ganz Europa an Bedeutung. Daher müssen Fernwärmenetze ausgebaut und gleichzeitig dekarbonisiert werden. Um die Nutzung von erneuerbarer Wärme und Abwärme zu erhöhen sind saisonale Wärmespeicher wichtig. In dem Paper wird der Bedarf saisonaler Wärmespeicher in drei städtischen Fernwärmesystemen in Deutschland sowie die potenzielle Rolle der Aquifer-Wärmespeicherung als eine Option für die saisonale Wärmespeicherung bewertet. Die drei untersuchten Fernwärmesysteme liegen in den geothermischen Regionen des Oberrheingrabens, des Süddeutschen Molassebeckens und des Norddeutschen Beckens. Die Netze unterscheiden sich hinsichtlich der Vorlauftemperaturen und des verfügbaren erneuerbaren und Abwärme-Potenzials im Sommer.
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Bereits seit knapp 20 Jahren führt das Öko-Institut eine Umfrage unter den in Deutschland tätigen BHKW-Unternehmen durch. So wurden auch in diesem Jahr erneut gemeinsam mit E&M der Absatz für das letzte sowie eine Prognose für das aktuelle Kalenderjahr abgefragt. Das Ziel der Absatzumfrage ist es, die aktuellen Entwicklungen auf dem BHKW-Markt für die in Deutschland verkauften und die für den Export bestimmten Anlagen abzubilden. Das ist insbesondere wichtig, um die Bewegungen im Energiesektor in diesem Segment darzustellen. Durch die jährliche Durchführung der Umfrage zeigen sich zeitnah die Auswirkungen von Novellierungen des Kraft-Wärme-Kopplungsgesetzes oder von Förderprogrammen wie dem „Zuschuss für Brennstoffzellen“ der KfW. Da die Registrierungspflicht in das Marktstammdatenregister von neuen und älteren KWK-Anlagen erst 2021 greift, können außerdem vorhandene Lücken in der statistischen Erfassung von kleinen Strom- und Wärmeerzeugungsanlagen geschlossen werden.
verschiebt BHKW Projekte 18.11.2021 Publikationen Energie & Klimaschutz Bücher

This open access book aims to elaborate on the legal prerequisites to establish the liability of corporations for transboundary environmental harm, not only by identifying existing liability rules, principles and standards but also by analysing their potential for further legal development. The authors consider international and transboundary liability law to currently be an underutilised tool for international environmental protection. The book seeks to address this by exploring what is needed in terms of legislative action and identifying options for judicial pliability, thereby providing an important legal contribution in furthering the development of an effective international and transnational environmental liability law regime.
Transboundary Environmental Harm 02.01.2023 Umweltrecht & Governance Bücher

This open access book aims to elaborate on the legal prerequisites to establish the liability of corporations for transboundary environmental harm, not only by identifying existing liability rules, principles and standards but also by analysing their potential for further legal development. The authors consider international and transboundary liability law to currently be an underutilised tool for international environmental protection. The book seeks to address this by exploring what is needed in terms of legislative action and identifying options for judicial pliability, thereby providing an important legal contribution in furthering the development of an effective international and transnational environmental liability law regime.
Transboundary Environmental Harm 02.01.2023 Umweltrecht & Governance Bücher

In: Sebastian Oberthür und Kirstin Rosendal (eds), Global Governance of Genetic Resources: Access and Benefit Sharing after the Nagoya Protocol, Abingdon: Routledge, S. 132-157. In international environmental politics, more and morepayment schemes or markets for ecosystem services are introduced, changing the nature of governance. The paper explores and compares the following schemes: benefit-sharing on genetic resources under (a) the Convention on Biological Diversity plus its Nagoya Protocol and (b) the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture; (c) forest projects under the UNFCCC Clean Development Mechanism and (d) the emerging scheme of ‘Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation in developing countries’ (‘REDD+’) under the UNFCCC. The analysis covers (a) the targeted ecosystem services; (b) the in-struments’ evolution; (c) the instruments as such, focusing on their economic nature and the transactions they induce; and (d) the instruments’ effects. The research is based on institutional and document analysis, expert interviews as well as a review of quantitative and qualitative data on instrument effects. In a concluding assessment the author compares the four instruments, helping to elucidate the particular features of the CBD/NP market. More generally, the comparison confirms those voices skeptical of the introduction of markets for ecosystem services; non-market-based payment schemes are regarded as less problematic.
International Environmental Governance 18.07.2014 Umweltrecht & Governance Bücher

Cultural landscapes are appreciated for the plethora of ecosystem services that they provide to society. They are, however, subject to rapid and fundamental transformations across Europe, mainly as a result of intensification or abandonment of land uses. Our objective is to assess the possible future drivers of cultural landscape changes and their likely impacts on ecosystem services provision as perceived by local actors. We present stakeholder-based scenarios for the Swabian Alb, a biosphere reserve in southern Germany, projected to the yr 2040. On their basis, we explore the possibilities and limitations of local civil engagement for landscape conservation and development in the face of increasing global influences.
Development in the Swabian Alb, Germany 17.11.2013 Umweltrecht & Governance Bücher