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In Deutschland und den meisten „alten“ EU-Staaten gehören Diskussionen über den zweifelhaften Sinn und die ökologischen und gesundheitlichen Effekte gentechnisch veränderter Pflanzen seit langem zur Tagesordnung. Die starke Ablehnung der Agro-Gentechnik durch die Verbraucher bewirkt, dass Handelsketten in der EU von ihren Zulieferern gentechnikfreie Ware fordern. Auch die meisten Landwirte stehen transgenen Pflanzen sehr kritisch gegenüber. Doch wie sieht die Situation in den „neuen“ EU-Staaten aus? Wer sind die neuen Partner und wie ist ihre Haltung gegenüber der Gentechnik? Werden die Gentechnik-Karten in der EU mit der erfolgten Erweiterung neu gemischt? Erschienen in: Landwirtschaft 2005 – Der kritische Agrarbericht Seiten 254 – 258 Herausgeber: AgrarBündnis
erweiterten EU – ein Überblick Gesetze sind gut, Kontrolle ist besser 01.01.2004 Bücher

‘The A to Z of Corporate Social Responsibility’, edited by Wayne Visser. The entries have been written by leading experts, global thinkers and CSR practitioners. The book aims to help managers, consultants and researchers navigate their way through the plenty of terms, codes and organisations associated with CSR. Franziska Wolff from the Öko-Institut has written the entry on ‘Global Governance’. Locating it in the wider discourse on ‘governance’, she discusses global governance as a normative concept according to which the system of international institutions should be more tightly knit and better coordinated in order to re-embed politics in objectives such as international solidarity and ecological responsibility.
Publikationen Global Governance 01.02.2008 Umweltrecht & Governance Bücher

The Paris Agreement establishes provisions for using international carbon market mechanisms to achieve climate mitigation contributions. Environmental integrity is a key principle for using such mechanisms under the Agreement. This paper systematically identifies and categorizes issues and options to achieve environmental integrity, including how it could be defined, what influences it, and what approaches could mitigate environmental integrity risks. Here, environmental integrity is assumed to be ensured if the engagement in international transfers of carbon market units leads to the same or lower aggregated global emissions. Four factors are identified that influence environmental integrity: the accounting for international transfers; the quality of units generated, i.e. whether the mechanism ensures that the issuance or transfer of units leads to emission reductions in the transferring country; the ambition and scope of the mitigation target of the transferring country; and incentives or disincentives for future mitigation action, such as possible disincentives for transferring countries to define future mitigation targets less ambitiously or more narrowly in order to sell more units. It is recommended that policy-makers combine several approaches to address the significant risks to environmental integrity.
mechanisms under the Paris Agreement 21.09.2018 Energie & Klimaschutz Bücher

In a rapidly warming world, the transition to renewable energy faces challenges on many fronts. Sufficiency measures, which focus on reducing overall energy demand, hold great potential to accelerate the energy transition and create truly sustainable societies, yet remain underexplored in policy circles. In our perspective, we emphasize sufficiency as a cornerstone for a successful energy transition and broader societal sustainability. We identify key barriers to sufficiency and sketch how policymakers, businesses, researchers, the media and arts, and civil society can help to overcome them. We note that a full transition to sufficiency, beyond individual interventions or novel practices, requires systemic changes that address underlying structural barriers, and distil four broad lessons from the field of transition studies that can help achieve these systemic changes. We call on relevant stakeholders to embrace sufficiency in order to accelerate the energy transition.
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The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) adopted by the United Nations provide normative orientation for many national and regional governments as well as actors from industry and other parts of the civil society. There is a growing consensus that the corresponding transformation processes needed – e.g., in the field of production and consumption patterns (SDG 12) – have to be fostered by a corresponding institutional framework. Properly designed experiments that generate a learning system for all actors involved may be an important building block. Based on an interdisciplinary approach, we provide an overview of the various terminologies for experimentation currently discussed in the social sciences, derive common criteria for a broader approach to the concept of “regulatory experimentation” in reflexive governance structures and present a novel conceptual framework for analysing empirical studies of regulatory experiments. Bauknecht, D., Bischoff, T. S., Bizer, K., Führ, M., Gailhofer, P., Heyen, D. A., Proeger, T., & von der Leyen, K. (2020). Exploring the pathways: Regulatory experiments for sustainable development – An interdisciplinary approach. Journal of Governance & Regulation, 9(3), 49-71. https://doi.org/10.22495/jgrv9i3art4
Umweltrecht Energie & Klimaschutz Umweltrecht & Governance Bücher

Carbon crediting continues to be a popular policy instrument in the international community’s response to global warming. Public and private actors alike count on carbon credits to incentivize accelerated climate action as well as for complying with voluntary and mandatory climate targets. At the same time, a series of scientific reports have questioned the environmental integrity of many of the carbon credits traded on voluntary carbon markets, leading to an erosion of confidence in the instrument’s ability to deliver real impacts on atmospheric greenhouse gas emission levels. In discussions about carbon credit quality, an argument that is often brought forward is that high standards would be an impediment to market growth. But the economic theory of lemon markets strongly suggests otherwise.
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This paper examines how changes in an international climate regime would affect the European decarbonization strategy and costs through the mechanisms of trade, technology, and innovation. We present the results from the Energy Modeling Forum (EMF) model comparison study on European climate policy to 2050. Moving from a no-policy scenario to an existing-policies case reduces all energy imports, on average. Introducing a more stringent climate policy target for the EU only leads to slightly greater global emission reductions. Consumers and producers in Europe bear most of the additional burden and inevitably face some economic losses. More ambitious mitigation action outside Europe, especially when paired with a well-operating global carbon market, could reduce the burden for Europe significantly. Because of global learning, the costs of wind and especially solar-PV in Europe would decline below the levels observed in the existing-policy case and increased R&D spending outside the EU would leverage EU R&D investments as well. Published in Climate Change Economics, Volume 04, Issue supp01, November 2013 by World Scientific Publishing Co.
Implications on Trade, Technology, and Energy 04.11.2013 Energie & Klimaschutz Bücher

Energy efficiency and decarbonization are important elements of climate change mitigation. We draw on European mitigation scenarios from the EMF28 modeling exercise to decompose economy-wide and sectoral emissions into their main components. We utilize the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) to gain insights into five effects: affluence, energy intensity, carbon intensity, conversion efficiency, and structural change. Economy-wide analysis suggests that energy efficiency improvements (including end-use efficiency of production and structural change of the economy) determine emission reductions short to medium term while decarbonization becomes more important in the long term. Sectoral analysis suggests that electricity generation holds the largest potential for decarbonization. Mitigation in the transport and energy-intensive sectors is limited by technology availability, forcing output and energy inputs to decline to meet the given mitigation pathways. We conclude that energy efficiency improvements could bridge the time until carbon-free technologies mature, while their quick development remains essential. Published in Climate Change Economics, Volume 04, Issue supp01, November 2013 by World Scientific Publishing Co.
A Sectoral Multi-Model Decomposition 04.12.2013 Energie & Klimaschutz Bücher

The German Energiewende (energy transition) has increased the degree of decentralisation in the electricity infrastructure. This article proposes a framework for assessing this technological development from an economic perspective as well as a social one. Four infrastructure dimensions are addressed: the grid level, infrastructure location, flexibility, and balancing generation and supply. Firstly, the impact of decentralisation on these dimensions is assessed concerning economic efficiency. The analysis shows that depending on the technological dimension assessed a decentralised electricity infrastructure has the potential to increase or decrease overall system costs. Secondly, the social perspective is operationalised through three forms of participation, namely procedural, democratic representative and financial participation. The analysis highlights the chances to increase participation through increasing technological decentralisation and points towards the important role of the project-initiating actors on the local level who decide whether options for participation are realised and in what manner. The article does not provide a final answer about whether centralised or decentralised electricity systems are preferable. It highlights the range of dimensions that need to be considered when discussing future decentralised electricity scenarios or making policy decisions. Published in: Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews Volume 118, February 2020, 109543
assessing decentralised electricity systems 17.12.2019 Energie & Klimaschutz Bücher

Heterogeneous data, different definitions and incompatible models are a huge problem in many domains, with no exception for the field of energy systems analysis. Hence, it is hard to re-use results, compare model results or couple models at all. Ontologies provide a precisely defined vocabulary to build a common and shared conceptualisation of the energy domain. Here, we present the Open Energy Ontology (OEO) developed for the domain of energy systems analysis. Using the OEO provides several benefits for the community. First, it enables consistent annotation of large amounts of data from various research projects. One example is the Open Energy Platform (OEP). Adding such annotations makes data semantically searchable, exchangeable, re-usable and interoperable. Second, computational model coupling becomes much easier. The advantages of using an ontology such as the OEO are demonstrated with three use cases: data representation, data annotation and interface homogenisation. We also describe how the ontology can be used for linked open data (LOD). Published in: Energy and AI, 2021, 100074, ISSN 2666-5468
Systems Analysis 27.04.2021 Publikationen Energie & Klimaschutz Bücher