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Social acceptance is increasingly becoming a limiting factor in implementing the energy transition in Germany. From today’s perspective, the expansion of wind energy and future transmission grids is only somewhat a technical or economic challenge rather than a social one. Since political decisions on the energy system transformation are often derived from findings of energy system modeling, it seems necessary to increasingly integrate the effects of socio-ecological aspects, such as acceptance issues in energy models. In this paper, an approach is introduced to address effects of social acceptance in energy system models by comparing the influence of different distribution scenarios of wind energy in Germany on the expansion need for future transmission lines. The results show that a socio-ecologic distribution of onshore wind installations according to a balanced burden of the German society does not reduce the grid expansion need significantly compared to an economic siting. An actual reduction of planned transmission grids could just be achieved by a more decentral scenario, including decentral market design. The sensitivity of regionalization is an opportunity to consider local acceptance issues within energy system models and should move more into focus inside the procedure of the current grid development process in Germany.
and the Transmission Grid in Germany 07.08.2021 Energie & Klimaschutz Bücher

Carbon crediting continues to be a popular policy instrument in the international community’s response to global warming. Public and private actors alike count on carbon credits to incentivize accelerated climate action as well as for complying with voluntary and mandatory climate targets. At the same time, a series of scientific reports have questioned the environmental integrity of many of the carbon credits traded on voluntary carbon markets, leading to an erosion of confidence in the instrument’s ability to deliver real impacts on atmospheric greenhouse gas emission levels. In discussions about carbon credit quality, an argument that is often brought forward is that high standards would be an impediment to market growth. But the economic theory of lemon markets strongly suggests otherwise.
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The Paris Agreement establishes provisions for using international carbon market mechanisms to achieve climate mitigation contributions. Environmental integrity is a key principle for using such mechanisms under the Agreement. This paper systematically identifies and categorizes issues and options to achieve environmental integrity, including how it could be defined, what influences it, and what approaches could mitigate environmental integrity risks. Here, environmental integrity is assumed to be ensured if the engagement in international transfers of carbon market units leads to the same or lower aggregated global emissions. Four factors are identified that influence environmental integrity: the accounting for international transfers; the quality of units generated, i.e. whether the mechanism ensures that the issuance or transfer of units leads to emission reductions in the transferring country; the ambition and scope of the mitigation target of the transferring country; and incentives or disincentives for future mitigation action, such as possible disincentives for transferring countries to define future mitigation targets less ambitiously or more narrowly in order to sell more units. It is recommended that policy-makers combine several approaches to address the significant risks to environmental integrity.
mechanisms under the Paris Agreement 21.09.2018 Energie & Klimaschutz Bücher

Energy efficiency and decarbonization are important elements of climate change mitigation. We draw on European mitigation scenarios from the EMF28 modeling exercise to decompose economy-wide and sectoral emissions into their main components. We utilize the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) to gain insights into five effects: affluence, energy intensity, carbon intensity, conversion efficiency, and structural change. Economy-wide analysis suggests that energy efficiency improvements (including end-use efficiency of production and structural change of the economy) determine emission reductions short to medium term while decarbonization becomes more important in the long term. Sectoral analysis suggests that electricity generation holds the largest potential for decarbonization. Mitigation in the transport and energy-intensive sectors is limited by technology availability, forcing output and energy inputs to decline to meet the given mitigation pathways. We conclude that energy efficiency improvements could bridge the time until carbon-free technologies mature, while their quick development remains essential. Published in Climate Change Economics, Volume 04, Issue supp01, November 2013 by World Scientific Publishing Co.
A Sectoral Multi-Model Decomposition 04.12.2013 Energie & Klimaschutz Bücher

This paper examines how changes in an international climate regime would affect the European decarbonization strategy and costs through the mechanisms of trade, technology, and innovation. We present the results from the Energy Modeling Forum (EMF) model comparison study on European climate policy to 2050. Moving from a no-policy scenario to an existing-policies case reduces all energy imports, on average. Introducing a more stringent climate policy target for the EU only leads to slightly greater global emission reductions. Consumers and producers in Europe bear most of the additional burden and inevitably face some economic losses. More ambitious mitigation action outside Europe, especially when paired with a well-operating global carbon market, could reduce the burden for Europe significantly. Because of global learning, the costs of wind and especially solar-PV in Europe would decline below the levels observed in the existing-policy case and increased R&D spending outside the EU would leverage EU R&D investments as well. Published in Climate Change Economics, Volume 04, Issue supp01, November 2013 by World Scientific Publishing Co.
Implications on Trade, Technology, and Energy 04.11.2013 Energie & Klimaschutz Bücher

Technologische, ökonomische, ökologische und politische Parameter schaffen die Voraussetzungen für die Integration von Elektrofahrzeugen in das intelligente Energienetz von morgen. Dieser Beitrag zeigt auf, welche Rolle Elektrofahrzeuge in einem zukünftigen Energiesystem einnehmen können und welche Dienstleistungen dabei relevant sein werden. Innovative Dienstleistungen und Geschäftsmodelle, die technische Gegebenheiten, Energiesystemanforderungen und Nutzerbedürfnisse in Einklang bringen, können maßgeblich zur Umsetzung von Elektromobilität im intelligenten Energienetz beitragen. Dabei geht es weniger um die Weiterentwicklung bestehender Dienstleistungen, als um die Entwicklung hochwertiger Dienstleistungen, die den Wandel zur Elektromobilität vorantreiben. Erschienen bei Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Online ISBN: 978-3-642-18438-3
E-Mobilität im intelligenten Energienetz 04.11.2012 Energie & Klimaschutz Bücher

In a rapidly warming world, the transition to renewable energy faces challenges on many fronts. Sufficiency measures, which focus on reducing overall energy demand, hold great potential to accelerate the energy transition and create truly sustainable societies, yet remain underexplored in policy circles. In our perspective, we emphasize sufficiency as a cornerstone for a successful energy transition and broader societal sustainability. We identify key barriers to sufficiency and sketch how policymakers, businesses, researchers, the media and arts, and civil society can help to overcome them. We note that a full transition to sufficiency, beyond individual interventions or novel practices, requires systemic changes that address underlying structural barriers, and distil four broad lessons from the field of transition studies that can help achieve these systemic changes. We call on relevant stakeholders to embrace sufficiency in order to accelerate the energy transition.
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Under the Paris Agreement, Parties must track the implementation and achievement of their nationally determined contributions (NDCs). In many cases, NDC targets are expressed as greenhouse gas emissions, and it is essential for countries that the effects of mitigation measures are visible in their inventories. Inventory visibility is understood as the degree to which a change in GHG emissions or removals resulting from mitigation actions is reflected in GHG inventories. Inventory visibility is found to be generally high for measures that reduce CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion, while in parts of the industrial processes sector and in the forestry sector there is a higher risk that emission reductions are not visible. An analysis of the portfolio of Clean Development Mechanism projects shows that for most projects this risk is low. However, as future carbon market mechanisms under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement may need to tap more into project types with medium to higher risk of non-visibility, national GHG inventory systems may need to be strengthened to assure visibility of mitigation projects.
greenhouse gas inventories 18.05.2022 Publikationen Energie & Klimaschutz Bücher

The Open Energy Ontology (OEO) is a BFO-based ontology for the domain of energy system analysis. Core of this domain is the concept of energy. Since the concept of energy is ambiguous and has not (yet) been introduced into BFO, we describe why the OEO classifies energy as a quality. We present how energy is differentiated from energy carriers, fuels and other related concepts. The process of energy conversion makes it possible to depict many different types of its generation and usage. Further, we describe the concept of origin of matter and energy. In this article, we define the core concepts of the OEO according to the BFO. We thus demonstrate how the OEO enables the consistent use of core concepts throughout the energy system analysis domain. Published in: Proceedings of the Joint Ontology Workshops 2022, Episode VIII: The Svear Sommar of Ontology, Jönköping, Sweden, August 15-19, 2022, CEUR-WS.org. © 2022 Copyright for this paper by its authors. Use permitted under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-4.0). CEUR Workshop Proceedings http://ceur-ws.org ISSN 1613-0073 CEUR Workshop Proceedings (CEUR-WS.org)
Open Energy Ontology 28.11.2022 Publikationen Energie & Klimaschutz Bücher

Since the emergence of transdisciplinary research, context dependencies, innovative formats and methods, societal effects, and scientific effects are key aspects that have been discussed at length. However, what is still missing is an integrative perspective on these four aspects, and the guidance on how to apply such an integrative perspective in order to realize the full transformative potential of transdisciplinary research. We provide an overview of each aspect and highlight relevant research questions that need to be answered to advance transdisciplinary research. Published in: GAIA 30/4 (2021): 243 – 249
integrative perspective 15.12.2021 Nukleartechnik & Anlagensicherheit Bücher