History of the monarchy | History of the Kingdom of the Netherlands | Royal House of the Netherlands https://www.royal-house.nl/topics/history-of-the-kingdom-of-the-netherlands/history-of-the-monarchy
The first Kingdom – the Kingdom of Holland, with Napoleon’s brother Louis as its King – lasted only four years (1806-1810). Three years later, in 1813, the Netherlands regained its independence, and Prince Willem Frederik, son of the last stadholder Willem V, returned from exile and was proclaimed sovereign prince. The first constitution of the Netherlands as a monarchy dates from 1814.
New Guinea remained in Dutch hands until 1962; in 1963